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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(3): 305-308, May-June 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640425

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:HTLV-1 infection increases susceptibility to other infections. Few studies have addressed the co-infection between HPV and HTLV-1 and the immune response involved in this interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cervical HPV infection in HTLV-1-infected women and to establish the risk factors involved in this co-infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Salvador, Brazil, between September 2005 and December 2008, involving 50 HTLV-1-infected women from the HTLV Reference Center and 40 uninfected patients from gynecological clinic, both at the Bahiana School of Medicine. HPV infection was assessed using hybrid capture. HTLV-1 proviral load was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The mean age of HTLV-1-infected women (38 ± 10 years) was similar to that of the control group (36 ± 13 years). The prevalence of HPV infection was 44% in the HTLV-1-infected group and 22.5% in uninfected women (p = 0.03). HTLV-1-infected women had lower mean age at onset of sexual life (17 ± 3 years versus 19 ± 3 years; p = 0.03) and greater number of lifetime partners compared with the control group (4 ± 3 versus 2 ± 1; p < 0.01). In the group of HTLV-1-infected patients, there was neither difference in HTLV-1 proviral load between HPV-infected women and the uninfected. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HPV infection was higher in HTLV-1-infected women. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the progression of this co-infection.


INTRODUÇÃO:A infecção pelo HTLV-1 aumenta a susceptibilidade para outras infecções. Poucos estudos avaliaram a co-infecção entre HPV/HTLV-1 e a resposta imune envolvida nesta interação. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a prevalência de infecção cervical pelo HPV em mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1 e estabelecer os fatores de risco envolvidos nesta co-infecção. MÉTODOS: Um estudo de corte transversal foi conduzido em Salvador, Brasil, entre setembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2008, envolvendo 50 mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1, acompanhadas no Centro de Referência de HTLV e 40 mulheres não infectadas, acompanhadas no Serviço de Ginecologia, ambos na Escola Bahiana de Medicina. A infecção pelo HPV foi confirmada pela Captura Híbrida. A carga proviral do HTLV-1 foi quantificada pelo PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1 (38±10 anos) foi semelhante ao do grupo controle (36±13 anos). A prevalência de infecção pelo HPV foi 44% nas mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1 e de 22,5% no grupo controle (p=0,03). Mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1 informaram menor idade de início de vida sexual (17±3 anos versus 19±3 anos; p=0,03) e maior número de parceiros sexuais, em relação ao grupo controle (4±3 versus 2±1; p<0,01). No grupo de mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1, não se observou diferença entre a carga proviral do HTLV-1 entre as mulheres infectadas pelo HPV e as não infectadas. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de infecção pelo HPV foi maior em mulheres infectadas pelo HTLV-1. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar a progressão desta co-infecção.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Coinfection/epidemiology , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Coinfection/virology , Epidemiologic Methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Uterine Cervical Diseases/virology
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(3): 239-244, May-June 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589955

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection. HIV-infection is a risk factor for this infection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of VVC and to describe the main Candida species isolated and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs in HIV-infected patients, compared to HIV-uninfected women in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including a group of 64 HIV-infected women and 76 uninfected women, followed up at the AIDS reference center and at the Gynecological Clinic of Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (Salvador, Bahia, Brazil). RESULTS: Frequency of Candida spp. was higher in HIV-infected women (29.7 percent) than in HIV-uninfected controls (14.5 percent) (p = 0.02). The odds ratio value for vulvovaginal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients was 2.6 (95 percent CI: 1.07 - 6.32 p = 0.03). Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species in both HIV-infected (52.3 percent) and uninfected women (85.7 percent), followed by C. parapsolis in 17.6 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. In HIV-infected women, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and a coinfection of C. albicans and C. glabrata were also identified. There was no significant difference between Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of women with VVC and colonization of the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. One C. glabrata isolate from an HIV-infected patient was resistant to fluconazole and other two isolates exhibited a dose-dependent susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm a higher frequency of Candida spp. isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women and a broader spectrum of species involved. Only Candida glabrata isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Brazil , Candida/classification , Candida/drug effects , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/diagnosis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mucous Membrane/microbiology , Prevalence , Vagina/microbiology
3.
São Paulo med. j ; 128(4): 197-201, July 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-566411

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is frequently associated with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Immunosuppression and high HIV viral load are the main risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CIN in HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, and to describe the risk factors in comparison with non-infected women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the AIDS Reference Center of Bahia and the Gynecological Outpatient Clinic of Fundação Bahiana para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: Sixty-four HIV-infected women and 76 uninfected women from Salvador were enrolled between May 2006 and May 2007. Associations between CIN and presence of HIV infection, HIV viral load, proportion of T CD4+ lymphocytes and risk factors were evaluated. The independence of the risk factors was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS: CIN was more prevalent among HIV-infected women than in the control group (26.6 percent versus 6.6 percent; P = 0.01). The odds ratio for CIN among HIV-infected women was 3.7 (95 percent confidence interval, CI: 1.23-11; P = 0.01), after adjusting for the following variables: age at first sexual intercourse, number of partners, number of deliveries and previous history of sexually transmitted disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CIN among HIV-infected women was significantly higher than among women without HIV infection. HIV infection was the most important risk factor associated with the development of cervical lesions.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) está frequentemente associado à neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau. Imunossupressão e carga viral do HIV elevada são os principais fatores de risco para neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical (NIC). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de NIC em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil e descrever os fatores de risco, comparando-as com mulheres não infectadas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal no Centro de Referência de Aids da Bahia e Ambulatório de Ginecologia da Fundação Bahiana para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas no estudo 64 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV e 76 não infectadas provenientes de Salvador, no período de maio de 2006 a maio de 2007. Foi avaliada a associação entre NIC e presença da infecção pelo HIV, carga viral do HIV, proporção de linfócitos T CD4+ e fatores de risco. A independência dos fatores de risco foi verificada pela regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de NIC foi maior nas mulheres infectadas pelo HIV que no grupo controle (26,6 por cento versus 6,6 por cento; P = 0,01). A razão de chances para NIC em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV foi 3,7 (95 por cento intervalo de confiança, IC: 1,23-11; P = 0,01) após ajuste das variáveis: idade da primeira relação sexual, número de parceiros, número de partos e história prévia de doença sexualmente transmissível. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de NIC foi significativamente maior em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV que naquelas não infectadas. A infecção pelo HIV foi o fator de risco mais importante associado com o desenvolvimento de lesões cervicais.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/etiology , HIV Infections/complications , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/immunology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Viral Load
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 30(3): 121-126, mar. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484544

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: comparar a freqüência de vulvovaginites em mulheres infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) com mulheres não infectadas. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal com 64 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV e 76 não infectadas. Foram calculadas as freqüências de vaginose bacteriana, candidíase e tricomoníase, que foram diagnosticadas por critérios de Amsel, cultura e exame a fresco, respectivamente. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se o teste do c2, teste exato de Fisher e regressão múltipla para verificar a independência das associações. RESULTADOS: a infecção vaginal foi mais prevalente em pacientes infectadas pelo HIV quando comparadas ao Grupo Controle (59,4 versus 28,9 por cento, p<0,001; Odds Ratio=2,7, IC95 por cento=1,33-5,83, p=0,007). Vaginose bacteriana ocorreu em 26,6 por cento das mulheres HIV positivas; candidíase vaginal, em 29,7 por cento e tricomoníase, em 12,5 por cento. Todas foram significativamente mais freqüentes no grupo de mulheres infectadas pelo HIV (p=0,04, 0,02 e 0,04, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: vulvovaginites são mais freqüentes em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV.


PURPOSE: to compare the frequency of vulvovaginitis in women infected with human imunnodeficiency virus (HIV) with the frequency in non-infected women. METHODS: a transversal study including 64 HIV infected women and 76 non-infected ones. The frequencies of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, diagnosed by Amsel's criteria, culture and fresh exam, respectively, were calculated. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple regressions to verify the independence of associations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: the vaginal infection was more prevalent in HIV infected patients, as compared to the control group (59.4 versus 28.9 percent, p<0,001; Odds Ratio=2.7, IC95 percent=1.33-5.83, p=0.007). Bacterial vaginosis occurred in 26.6 percent of the positive-HIV women; vaginal candidiasis, in 29.7 percent and trichomoniasis, in 12.5 percent of them. All the infections were significantly more frequent in the group of HIV infected women (p=0.04, 0.02 e 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: vulvovaginitis is more frequent in HIV infected women.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , HIV Infections/complications , Vulvovaginitis/epidemiology , Vulvovaginitis/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
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